Kata are a series of techniques put together in a pattern. They help a student understand the basic fundamentals for applying their techniques in self-defense situations.
In the beginning a student needs to understand that a punch is a punch and a kick is a kick, for instance, but later — and only after much practice — the techniques become much more. When one starts to understand the principles behind the techniques, it allows them to actually see that there are Nage-Waza (Throwing Techniques) and Kansetsu Waza (Joint Manipulation Techniques) and much more hidden within.
There are empty-hand kata as well as weapons kata that will be practiced. This is also a great opportunity to prepare for the “Testing” process.